A Brief History of ePub Formats

A Brief History of ePub Formats

Over the years, several formats have been developed to facilitate digital reading. Here's a brief overview: 

Plain Text and PDF: The Pioneers

Before dedicated eBook formats arrived, there was plain text (.txt). This format was simple and could be read on any computer, making it one of the earliest ways to digitally store books.  Then came PDF (Portable Document Format) developed by Adobe in the 90's, which was aimed to present documents consistently regardless of the software, hardware, or OS. It soon became a popular choice for eBooks, especially for academic and business publications due to its ability to retain layout, fonts, and graphics.

Dedicated eBook Formats

PalmDOC (1990s) This early format was designed for Palm Pilot PDAs. It was simple and could compress text, making it a great fit for devices with limited storage.

EPUB (2007) Developed by the International Digital Publishing Forum, EPUB (Electronic Publication) quickly became a standard for eBooks. Flexible, reflowable, and open standard, it can adjust text according to the screen size, making it suitable for various devices. EPUB3, the latest version, also supports multimedia, interactivity, and enhanced navigation.

MOBI (2000) This format was designed for the Mobipocket eBook reader but gained significant traction when Amazon bought the company and used the format (with modifications) for its Kindle devices. Today, Amazon's eBooks use a derivative of MOBI called AZW.

FB2 (2004) FictionBook is a format popular in Russia. It's XML-based and mainly designed for fictional literature, containing only the book's text and no software or formatting.

Proprietary Formats and Enhancements

Microsoft's LIT (2000) Designed for the Microsoft Reader application, it provided a good reading experience with ClearType technology. However, it couldn’t compete with rising stars like EPUB and MOBI and was discontinued in 2011.

Apple’s iBooks (2010) Apple introduced its proprietary format based on EPUB but enhanced with multimedia and interactivity capabilities. It works exclusively on Apple devices.

KFX (2015)  Amazon's next-gen eBook format offers features like enhanced typesetting and rich formatting options. It's been designed to provide a better reading experience on Kindle devices.

Interactive and Multimedia-Rich eBooks

With the proliferation of tablets and smartphones, there was a push for more interactive eBook formats, especially for educational and children's books. These formats, like EPUB3, include multimedia elements, animations, interactive quizzes, and more, making the reading experience more engaging and dynamic. The future holds more flexibility and interactivity. With the growing popularity of audiobooks, we might also see formats that seamlessly combine text, audio, and perhaps even virtual or augmented reality elements.

    • Related Articles

    • Which eBook Format Should I Choose?

      As distribution channels evolve, the decision about which format is best becomes simpler. A decade ago, when ePub was emerging, ebook distribution channels like Amazon and Kobo developed their own ePub standards, which resulted in a confusing array ...
    • Why Choose DPS?

      The School of Experience DPS is a lab in which publishers can learn to build accessible ebooks in a working environment. The unique learning that comes from engagement in the process and the Q&A which inevitably accompanies every order is invaluable. ...
    • ePub Distributor Package

      The package provides the two formats used by virtually all distributors and aggregators for reflowable eBooks, assuring compatibility with a wide range of devices and platforms as well as an enhanced reading experience for users with disabilities. It ...
    • Onix for Accessible EPUB

      Onix is the universal metadata protocol used by publishers worldwide to support the marketing of books through all supply chains. For every format issued, a separate ISBN is required, which in turn requires an Onix record. By the time most books are ...
    • Universal Publishing Package: Manuscript to Print & ePub

      Since e-formats are the starting point for all books, whether in print or eBook form, we provide this comprehensive option for authors and publishers. The package includes: Custom design/graphic layout Professional typesetting Collaborative ...